Combined SNAP and Medicaid Maps 

Map 1: Projected Total SNAP and Medicaid Funding Loss by 2034

As of 2024, 22% and 9% of Virginia’s population were enrolled in Medicaid and SNAP, respectively. Defending Virginians from cuts to these critical services will promote family and child well-being as well as economic growth. Without state and local action, every Virginian will feel the impact, either directly with the loss of health care and/or food access, or indirectly through health care cost increases and less healthy communities. 

Many large metropolitan areas, particularly in northern Virginia, tend to have lower percentages of their population enrolled in Medicaid and SNAP but higher levels of total enrollment. These high levels will likely result in the greatest amount of financial and enrollment loss, as seen in the corresponding maps. For instance, by 2034, Fairfax County could lose roughly $3.9 billion in Medicaid and SNAP funding, and roughly 24,000 people could lose Medicaid coverage. Despite these large numbers, in recent years a relatively small percentage of people in Fairfax have enrolled in Medicaid and SNAP (roughly 14% and 4%, respectively, both lower than state averages).  Overall, the largest projected combined funding cuts are in: Fairfax County, Virginia Beach City, Prince William County, Chesterfield County, and Loudoun County. 

Source: This map draws from the funding-related sources listed under map 3 and map 7, which describe Medicaid and SNAP funding separately. 

Recommended Resources:  

For additional resources on intersectional impacts, the Alliance for Early Success has compiled state-level advocacy resources here.  

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Map 2: Percent of Households Receiving Medicaid and SNAP Nationally

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Source: Voices obtained permission to use this embedded map through the author of this article published through the Urban Institute. Click this link for more information on the methodology.

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Medicaid Maps 

Medicaid and CHIP (the Children’s Health Insurance Program, called Family Access to Medical Insurance, or FAMIS, in Virginia) provide health care coverage to low-income children, adults, elderly individuals and people with disabilities. Medicaid and CHIP coverage allows individuals to access preventative care, hospital treatment, prescription drugs, mental health services, long-term care, etc.  

Map 3: Total Percent of People Enrolled in Medicaid in Virginia (2023)  

Map 4: Percent of Children Enrolled in Medicaid/CHIP in Virginia (2023) 

Notably, the percentage of children enrolled in Medicaid and CHIP (the Children’s Health Insurance Program, called FAMIS in Virginia) is higher in many areas than levels of total enrollment. For instance, in Petersburg, nearly 1 in 2 children get their health insurance through Medicaid/CHIP. 

Source: Both maps, which provide a baseline of the Medicaid/CHIP enrollment landscape, use publicly available data from Georgetown’s Center for Children and Families’ (CCF) reporting of American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Micro Data (PUMS) in 2023. 

Map 5: Projected Medicaid Funding Loss in Virginia by 2034 

Source: Medicaid funding loss calculations based on the Kaiser Family Foundation’s (KFF) reporting of CBO national estimates ($990 billion) and KFF’s calculation of corresponding state-level estimates ($29 billion in Virginia, with low to high end funding cuts ranging from $21 to $36 billion). 

Map 6: Projected Medicaid Coverage Loss in Virginia by 2034 Due to Work Requirements  

Source: Medicaid coverage loss calculations based on the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities’ (CBPP) reporting of Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates of Medicaid coverage loss by state  with the implementation of work requirements (7,107,000 nationally and 188,000 in Virginia). Percentages of those covered by Medicaid in 2023 come from Georgetown University’s Center for Children and Families’ reporting of American Community Survey Public Use Micro Data (PUMS) in 2023.  

Like overall funding losses, the largest funding and coverage cuts are in Fairfax County, Virginia Beach City, Prince William County, Chesterfield County, and Loudoun County.

Map 7: Rural Virginia Hospitals At-Risk of Closing/Scaling Back Services  

Source: Data for hospital coordinates is publicly available here (last updated November 2024). Data on potential hospital closings/service reductions based on Senate letter  identifying rural hospitals with negative margins for three straight years and at least 10% of recorded payments from Medicaid. 

Hospital closures are concentrated in many of the same areas where there are large percentages of Medicaid enrollees. 

Recommended Resource: 

To see rates of Medicaid/CHIP enrollment by county and additional age-subgroups (2023), please refer to Georgetown’s Center for Children and Families’ map of Virginia based on ACS PUMS data. To see national estimates of people at risk of becoming uninsured each year, see this report based on CBO data.  

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SNAP Maps 

SNAP serves similar populations to Medicaid and provides funds to access to nutritious foods. In combination, cuts to these services would be detrimental to the health of Virginians and the Commonwealth.  

As of 2024, more than 67% of Virginia’s SNAP enrollees were families with children, which is greater than the national average. SNAP supports families to put food on the table. 

Map 8: Projected SNAP Funding Loss by 2034 with Embedded Estimated Economic Development Loss  

The five counties/cities with the largest total projected SNAP losses and corresponding economic development reductions (map 7) include: Fairfax County, Norfolk City, Richmond City, Virginia Beach City, and Henrico County. Notably, Richmond City and Norfolk City are likely to face large SNAP losses and have over 15% of their population served by SNAP.  

Source:  

SNAP funding loss based on the July 21, 2025, CBO national estimates ($187 billion). In this case, state estimates were allocated using enrollment proportions reported in the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2019-2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates of national and state SNAP household totals. Economic development loss projections draw from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Food Action Research Center (FRAC) estimates of $1.54 and $1.79 per dollar, respectively. 

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Map 9: Projected Number of Households at Risk of Losing Some or All of Their SNAP Benefits by 2034 

In addition to the coverage loss mapped above, The Urban Institute predicts average benefit reductions totaling $112 per month for Virginia’s families. Using Feeding America’s average meal cost for Virginia ($3.64), this equates to the loss of 31 meals each month or roughly a meal a day due to SNAP cuts. 

Source: State-level SNAP coverage loss based on Urban Institute’s report estimating roughly 447,000 households are at risk of losing all or some of their SNAP benefits. The Commonwealth Institute (TCI) replicated a similar finding in their report here, with an estimated 445,000 households losing coverage. These estimates were allocated to the county level using the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2019-2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates of state SNAP household totals.

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Map 10: Percent of SNAP Enrollment, Number of SNAP Retailers, and At-Risk Retailers

Source: Voices obtained permission to use this embedded map from the authors of this article published through the Center for American Progress (CAP). Click this link for more information on the methodology.

Recommended Resources:  

Additionally, Feeding America’s national mapping tool allows for a deeper look into food insecurity by county and city. Finally, the Food Research & Action Center (FRAC) estimated administrative costs mapping tool models cost sharing based on 2024 data.  

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Beyond the Numbers:  

As the data show in the maps presented above, these critical support services impact young people, their families, and their communities across the board from birth to adulthood. For example, in 2023, 35% of births in Virginia were covered by Medicaid.  Furthermore, Medicaid and SNAP are critical resources particularly for young adults (ages 18-24), who are now at great risk of losing coverage, during a transitional moment of life.  

As state lawmakers return to Richmond in early September for a special legislative session, they must keep pregnant people, children, families, young adults, and communities most at risk of losing health care access and food security at the center of their decisions. Voices for Virginia’s Children is committed to providing lawmakers, advocates, and community members with the most up-to-date information available regarding the impacts of H.R. 1 to Virginia’s young people and their families.  

Stay informed by signing up for our policy-focused newsletter, Voices from the Capitol, here or using the form below. 

Notes: Voices consulted our colleagues at Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families (AACF) in the creation of these maps and employed an approach mirroring AACF’s mapping project. We are grateful for their assistance. These county-level projections assume impacts proportional to current enrollment trends. Specifically, we allocated calculations from the state to the county level using enrollment proportions from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2019-2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates of total estimated Medicaid allocations by county and total SNAP households by county. Finally, the colored scale shows the units and is roughly the lowest to highest observation with the 50th percentile point in the middle.

Find additional data resources on Medicaid and SNAP here.

Data Limitations

All projections are rooted in past trends and cannot account for future policy behavior at the state level (i.e., state-level investments, future error rates, work requirement implementation, individual behavioral responses, etc.). As mentioned above, allocating state-level data to the county level assumes proportional impact in all the maps. For the Medicaid maps, it is important to note Virginia authorized Medicaid expansion in 2018 and the policy went into effect Jan 1, 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the roll-out, and then Medicaid unwinding occurred April 2023, to the end of November 2024. These unique policy changes during the past five-years are a limitation when using the most recent (as of September 2025) five-year Census enrollment estimates to predict Medicaid losses. Furthermore, the SNAP funding map should be interpreted with addit

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